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BLOOD LEAD LEVELS IN EGYPTIAN CHILDREN: ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND HOUSING FACTORS

Hakim IA., Boseila SA., El-Ashmawy I., Motawie AA., Gabr AA., and Wafay HA.

Child Health Department, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt.

 

Objective: This study investigated the prevalence of elevated blood lead (PbB) in Preschool children, living in rural and urban Giza, Egypt, and also includes an evaluation of sources of exposure to this metal in the same areas.

Methods: A total of 164 children 9 to 60 months of age, were included in the study. Children were recruited from two different areas in Giza: El-Katta (a rural village) and Boulak El-Dakrour, structured questionnaire about the possible risk factors of lead exposure was administrated to mothers. Blood lead level was determined by flameless atomic absorption.

Results: Mean PbB was found to be significantly higher (p=0.003) in rural children (15.25 mg/dl) compared to urban children (11.77 mg/dl). Our data show that 55.4% of the children studied have PbB levels greater than 10 mg/dl, and 29.2% of these children had PbB levels > 15 mg/dl. Highest average PbB levels were found in younger children (< 3 years old) and was attributed to the tendency for this age group to be more engaged in hand to mouth activities. The strongest associations were found between PbB and whether the child slept on the floor or lived in a house on a narrow, non-paved road and was attributed to the tendency for these children to play longer in contaminated indoor and outdoor environments.

Conclusion: This pilot study provides additional data pointing to childhood lead poisoning as being a major public health problem in urban as well as rural areas of Egypt.