Text Box: RISK FACTORS OF PNUMONIA AMONG CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OF AGE IN BANGKOK, THAILAND He Hui 1, Sirikul I. 2, Chaweewon B. 2, Ratanotal P. 3 1 Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China 2 Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand 3 Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, Thailand Objective: To identify the risk of pneumonia among children at Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health in Bangkok, Thailand. Methods: This was a hospital based case-control study. The randomly selected subjects were 50 pneumonia cases who admitted in the ward of lung diseases and a control group of 50 children who attended the well-baby clinic. The mothers were interviewed by using a structured questionnaire and children were measured by weight and height in order to assess the nutritional status. Results: By using crude analysis to estimate the odds ratio of each factor, the results showed that the risk factors were incomplete immunization, low family income, age, low birth weight, young mother, parental smoking, child's wheezing history, malnutrition, mother's low education, poor knowledge of pneumonia with statistical significance. After applying forward Multiple Logistic Regression, incomplete immunization, child age, family member's ARI history and low family income were the most significant risks of pneumonia. Conclusion: Parents and health personnel should make sure that children receive vaccination on time according to the schedule, avoid children closely contacting with ARI patients, enhance primary health care management at community level, and promote public health education to improve the mothers’ knowledge and child care practice. 1072