1P-S7-1文本框: NEONATAL SURGERY Othersen H.B, Jr 1., Hassan H.S. 2 1 Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA. 2 Tanta University Hospital, Tanta, Egypt Objective: To review the indications for surgery in the neonate with special emphasis placed on identifying the cause and prevention of complications, such as tracheal injury, from prolonged endotracheal intubation. Methods: Since most critically ill neonates require endotracheal intubation and respiratory support, we have reviewed the urgent respiratory and gastrointestinal problems in neonates and tried to identify preventable complications, such as tracheal stenosis, and the impact of early recognition and intervention on outcome. Results: the condition to be discussed include: Acquired tracheal stenosis: etiologic factors and management. Congenital tracheal stenosis. Esophageal atresia and tracheo-esophageal fistula. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Abdominal wall defects: exomphalos, gastroschisis. Vascular rings. Malrotation and midgut volvulus. Atresias. Conclusion: Early recognition and prompt treatment of complications will give the best results. Some iatrogenic injuries, such as tracheal ulceration and stenosis, often occur during treatment for neonatal surgical problems. Subsequent complications of therapy may be worse than the primary problem.