Text Box: NASAL-CPAP TREATMENT IN NEONATES WITH RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY Chen C, Shao XM, Sun B Children¡¯s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China Objective: To compare the effects of a nasal CPAP Flow System (EME, England) (nCPAP) with bottle CPAP (bCPAP) in neonates with respiratory insufficiency. Methods: Eighty-five neonates with NRDS, wet lung disease, apnea and pneumonia each were treated by either nCPAP or bCPAP in 1999~2001. Gestational age, birth weight and onset of disease were similar between the two groups. All the neonates were treated by nCPAP at 3-4 cmH2O and FiO2 0.3-0.6 for 1-6 days, during which weaning was considered if FiO2 < 0.3 was possible to main-tain SpO2>90% and PaO2¡Ý50 mmHg for 12-24 h. Results: 39 neonates in nCPAP (54 cases) and 17 neonates in bCPAP (31 cases) completely recovered and did not require mechanical ventilation. 15 neonates in nCPAP and 14 in bCPAP required me-chanical ventilation because SpO2<85% when FiO2>0.5 for 24 h and developed respiratory failure. None in nCPAP and 6 neonates in bCPAP had pneumothorax. Conclusions: nCPAP had less mechanical ventilation dependence and pneumothorax than bCPAP in these neonates with respiratory insufficiency. (Supported by Shanghai Bureau of Health Grant) 2336