Text Box: INFECTION AFTER CHEMOTHERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES Lu F-J, Ma B-Y, Miao H Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China Purpose: Lower the post chemotherapy infection rate and mortality rate in patients with hematologic malignancies. Method: By analysis of the type of infection, pathogenic organisms, susceptible factors and theurapeutic experiences in 108 postchemotherapy infection cases in 152 hematologic malignancy patients. Results: Respiratory infection stands the first (79 cases), septicemia the second (29 cases).The positive rate of pathogenic organisms in cultures of all kinds of specimen is 24.1%, that of blood culture is 19.6%, The pathogenic organisms consist of type Gram negative type bacteria (56.7%), Gram positive type 43.3% and fungus. 82.5% of infections occurs in the induction、consolidation and intensification phases, significantly higher than that in the extramedullary leukemia prophylaxis and maintainance period (17.5%) P<0.001. Empirical selection of wide spectrum antibiotics, some plusing norvancomycin or fluconazole, changing to sensitive drugs as shown in the drug sensitivity test after positive culture, together with supportive therapy, the body temperature lowers to normal and the foci of infection gradually disappear after a median of 4.6 days in patients with WBC≥1.0*109/L,and after a median of 9.7 days in patients with WBC<1.0*109/L,11 patients died of very severe or fulminant infection Conclusion: The intensity of chemotherapy and the degree of neutropenia are related with the infection rate and its time of recovery. Pathogenic organisms are mainly of the Gram negative type, the percentage of Gram positive organisms is higher than the data (34.1%) of our hospital 5 years ago. Proper empirical antibiotics should be selected those used in our hospital is stated. 2339