Text Box: RISK FACTORS IN INFECTIOUS NEONATAL ENDOCARDITIS Mercedes Macias1, Patricia Saltigeral1-2, Patricia Vidal1, Brenda Sanchez2, Hector Vera2, Mart¨ªn Penagos1 1National Institute of Pediatrics (NIP), 2Private Pediatric Hospital (PPH), Mexico City Objective: To review probably predisposing factors in the development of infective neonatal endocarditis (INE) Methods: A case control study was performed at two Hospital in Mexico City. NIP which is a referral 3erd level hospital and PPH. The charts of all patients younger than 8 weeks of age with discharge diagnosis of (INE) were reviewed. Diagnosis was based on two dimensional echocardiography with evidence of vegetation (case group) compared with two controlls for each case in the same clinical conditions. The following information was recorded: gender gestational age, congenital heart disease, invasive procedures, intubation, cardiac surgery, antimicrobial therapy, intravascular catheter, hospital staying. Statistical analysis: The variables were analyzed fos risk with Odds ratio with Confidence intervale of 95% (CI 95%) and exact Fisher test. Results: 57 cases were included. 19 cases and 38 controls,. 36 were males, mean gestational age for both groups were 37 weeks (LIQ 36-38), mean age were 7 days (LIQ 2-27) birth weight 2860gms (LIQ 2260-3257), 37 patients had central venous line, patent ductus were found in 13 (24%). Microorganism isolated were S aureus 7 (36.8%), S epidermidis 3 (15.7%), P. aeruginosa 2(10.5%), Candida albicans 2 (10.5%) no growth in 5 cases (26.3%). In this study the risk factors associated with the development of INE were total parenteral nutrition with an OR:9.2 (CI95% 2.49-34,p<0.001) and central venous line for 7 days or more OR:8.5 (CI95% 2.30-31.9, p=0.001). Nine patients died 3 in the case group. Conclusions: In this study central venous line and total parenteral nutrition were relevan factors in the development of INE, which has been reported in other descriptive studies but in our knowledge this is the first case controll study to evaluate this risk factors. 2481