Text Box: ACUTE FOCAL BACTERIAL NEPHRITIS (ACUTE LOBAR NEPHRONIA) IN CHILDHOOD BRUCELLOSIS: A CASE REPORT Papadaki E, Tsagris V, Condylis A, Katsiva V, Korovesi P Department of Paediatrics, Thriasio General Hospital, Athens, Greece Human brucellosis, an infectious disease transmitted from various animal hosts to man, continues to be a major public health problem worldwide. In children, the most common route of infection is unpasteurized milk or milk products. Brucellosis affects the urinary tract uncommonly, most frequently causing orchioepididymitis or glomerulonephritis. Acute focal bacterial nephritis (AFBN), also called acute lobar nephronia, is an acute, nonsuppurative renal infection that represents progression of acute pyelonephritis. We report the case of a 14-year-old boy with brucellosis (brucella melitensis isolated in both blood and bone marrow cultures), who developed acute focal bacterial nephritis (AFBN) documented by renal computed tomography. After appropriate treatment, the symptoms and abnormal imaging findings were completely resolved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second report of AFBN in childhood, caused by brucella melitensis. 2491